Intestinal permeability in leukemic patients prior to chemotherapy

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal barrier function in leukemia patients before the start of the chemotherapy with an intestinal permeability test using lactulose and mannitol as markers. Methods: The study enrolled 20 patients diagnosed with leukemia (acute and chronic). Ten healthy volunteers were also submitted to the test as a control group. Results: The median lactulose/mannitol ratio was 0.019 for the Leukemia Patient Group, whereas in healthy controls the median was 0.009 (p-value = 0.244). The median lactulose/mannitol ratio in acute leukemia patients was 0.034 giving a p-value of 0.069 when compared to healthy controls. This same comparison was made between acute myeloid leukemia patients and healthy controls with a p-value of 0.149. There was no significant difference in the intestinal permeability between acute and chronic leukemia patients (p-value = 0.098). Conclusion: The intestinal barrier function measured using the intestinal permeability test was similar in leukemic patients overall and healthy controls, but a tendency toward a different pattern was found in the intestinal barrier function of acute leukemia patients...

Aspectos clínicos e histológicos de 34 casos de doença celíaca no adulto / Clinical and histological aspects of 34 adult celiac disease cases

A doença celíaca é uma enteropatia induzida pela dieta contendo glúten, cuja prevalência e incidência vêm aumentando progressivamente. Além das formas clássicas de apresentação da doença com a prevenção da diarréia, formas menos típicas constituem uma parcela importante em várias casuísticas. É objetivo do estudo avaliar o comportamento da doença baseado em dados clínicos e propedêuticos, sobretudo a biópsia intestinal. Para tanto, 34 pacientes foram inclídos neste estudo. Os critérios utilizados para o diagnóstico foram baseados no Consenso da Sociedade Européia de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Pediátrica e Nutrição, realizado em 1989. Do ponto de vista clínico, as formas de manifestação da doença foram divididas em clássica, subclínica, silenciosa e latente. Os padrões histopatológicos foram divididos em infiltrativo, hiperplásico, destrutivo e hipoplásico. A maioria absoluta dos pacientes (91,2por cento) apresentava a forma clássica da doença. A forma subclínica estava presente em apenas três pacientes e as formas silenciosa e latente não foram observadas na cauística. Os auto-amticorpos, o ácido fólico e o teste do hidrogênio expirado apresentaram níveis de sensibilidade entre 60 e 81por cento. O padrão histológico destrutivo foi o mais freqüente, perfazendo 76,5por cento dos casos: o hiperplásico, 20,6por cento; e o infiltrativo, 2,9por cento. Formas clínicas menos típicas e forma histólogicas com alterações menos exuberantes ou que não proporcionem distorções na arquitetura vilositária podem resultar em acurácia diagnóstica menor. A utilização dos auto-anticorpos e de outros exames de triagem podedem contribuir para a reversão desse cenário

Whipple's disease. Report of five cases with different clinical features

Whipple's disease (WD) is a rare systemic disease of infectious etiology which involves the small intestine but can virtually affect any organ. We present here five cases (four males and one female) ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. All patients had intestinal involvement associated or not with clinical manifestations linked to this organ. Vegetation in the tricuspid valve was observed in one patient, suggesting endocarditis caused by Tropheryma whippelii, with disappearance of the echocardiographic alterations after treatment. In one of the male patients the initial clinical manifestation was serologically negative spondylitis, with no diarrhea occurring at any time during follow-up. Ocular involvement associated with intestinal malabsorption and significant weight loss were observed in one case. In the other two cases, diarrhea was the major clinical manifestation. All patients were diagnosed by histological examination of the jejunal mucosa and, when indicated, of extraintestinal tissues by light and electron microscopy. After antibiotic treatment, full remission of symptoms occurred in all cases. A control examination of the intestinal mucosa performed after twelve months of treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim revealed the disappearance of T. whippelii in four patients. The remaining patient was lost to follow-up